1. What is Monero (XMR)?
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency whose focus is on privacy, security, and untraceability. Its first block was mined in 2014.
Its focus relies on private and censorship-resistant transactions through the use of ring signature cryptography and other features like stealth addresses.
Monero also focuses on ASIC-resistance thanks to the use of the RandomX algorithm. Prior to that, Monero had biannual network upgrades: these hard forks were intended to upgrade Monero’s PoW hashing algorithm (CryptoNote).
Monero is community-oriented with more than 30 active core developers, supported by community developers along with a research lab, named Monero’s Research Lab.
Monero was developed with four core principles:
Network decentralization with the use of a distributed ledger and nodes spread across the world along with “domestic miners” not relying on ASIC mining farms.
Financial security through the use of cryptographic functions and no point of failure in the system.
Financial privacy with ring signature cryptography and stealth addresses that protect the privacy of both the sender and recipient along with amounts transacted.
Fungibility i.e., one XMR always equal to one XMR as the origin of each individual moneroj is supposedly untraceable.
2. Monero’s key features
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, based on the RandomX algorithm, and relies on different privacy features such as Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) to prevent non-transacting parties from distinguishing between individual transactions, and stealth addresses to maintain the confidentiality of transacting parties.Some of the key features include:
Anonymous transactions: unlike Bitcoin or Litecoin, transactions are anonymous with transaction parties and amounts being hidden for all network stakeholders. Anonymity relies on RingCT transactions and the use of stealth addresses.
Dynamic block-size: the blocksize cap is a function of the past block sizes which results in greater blocksize, containing more transactions when network activity picks up. Conversely, when the network activity slows down, the blocksize cap will decrease.
ASIC resistance: through regular network updates, Monero relies on GPU/*****U mining pools in order to provide greater decentralization at the mining level.
2.1 Ring confidential transactions (RingCT)
Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) hide the amount of XMR being sent in a unique transaction. Specifically, only coinbase transactions display the amount of XMR in order to let everyone confirm that mining rewards are accurate.Ring Confidential Transactions follow a two-step process that works as follows:
The amount is encrypted with a key derived from the recipient’s address. This encrypted amount can only be decrypted by the recipient.
The amount is integrated into a Pedersen commitment, allowing all Monero users to confirm the validity of the transaction. Whereas it is impossible for them to verify the exact transaction amount, outputs and inputs can be independently verified to confirm whether they match.
2.2 Stealth addresses
Stealth addresses can be interpreted as unique single-use addresses. One-time addresses are used by both the recipient and the sender. The sender creates a 256-bit private transaction key that only he himself knows. This number is multiplied by the recipient's public address. The output index is then added to this value before it gets hashed through the Keccak-256 algorithm.Finally, the result is multiplied by the ed25519 basepoint, before being added to the recipient public spend key. The final result is the stealth address.On the receiving end, the recipient must look for an output that belongs to him. Knowing the public transaction key, he can multiply it with his private key and add the output index before hashing it through the Keccak-256 algorithm. Finally, the recipient multiplies this value with his public spend key in order to find the output value.After scanning all transactions pending on the blockchain, if this output value is the same as the stealth address, this amount belongs to him.
2.3 Dynamic block size
One of the most innovative aspects of Monero is the dynamic block size for new blocks. Monero uses the past median in the blocksize as one of the components to dynamically increase and decrease the cap on the block size.Dynamic block size prevents congestion if the network usage increases, providing room to scale over time. However, some research companies (e.g., Noncesense Research) uncovered a potential vulerability known as a “big-bag attack.”. Since then, some changes have been introduced to protect against this potential exploit.
For more details, please read our analysis report about March 2019’s Monero hard fork.
2.4 ASIC-resistance
Initially, the ASIC-resistant feature of the network owed itself to a modified version of CryptoNight (a PoW algorithm) that was frequently adjusted to prevent ASIC mining。However, since December 2019, RandomX has replaced CryptoNight. Through the use of random code execution and memory-intensive techniques, ASIC miners are discouraged to participate in the mining process. In addition, GPUs have also been penalized since the network upgrade.Hence, Monero has seen most of its mining operations conducted by *****Us, either by individual users or through mining pools.
3. Economics and supply distribution
In a similar fashion as Bitcoin and Litecoin, Monero block rewards are decreasing over time.However, after 2022, mining block rewards will be set at 0.6 XMR per block, maintaining a perpetual decaying inflation rate.
icon bitcoin bitcoin страна alpari bitcoin 999 bitcoin пулы bitcoin neo bitcoin bitcoin форк калькулятор ethereum мониторинг bitcoin bitcoin io график bitcoin bitcoin перспектива bitcoin 0 bitcoin пожертвование
bitcoin aliexpress
bitcoin symbol testnet ethereum bitcoin tm bitcoin symbol bitcoin открыть bitcoin waves sgminer monero bitcoin abc cgminer monero новые bitcoin 1 monero ethereum microsoft казино ethereum ethereum forum bitcoin scripting bitcoin капча часы bitcoin комиссия bitcoin краны ethereum ethereum forks laundering bitcoin
bitcoin mmgp bitcoin bux bitcoin пулы collector bitcoin платформ ethereum dance bitcoin takara bitcoin биржа monero bitcoin продать
взлом bitcoin ethereum упал котировки ethereum bitcoin froggy ethereum статистика проверка bitcoin get bitcoin обменники bitcoin solo bitcoin
bitcoin аккаунт bitcoin alien json bitcoin ethereum токены ethereum асик bitcoin шифрование kran bitcoin инвестиции bitcoin ethereum обменять bitcoin pizza bitcoin кости скачать ethereum paidbooks bitcoin bitcoin multisig
ethereum статистика bitcoin fire tether обзор app bitcoin circle bitcoin платформа bitcoin ethereum транзакции
monero fork bitcoin scam ios bitcoin принимаем bitcoin ethereum перспективы space bitcoin bitcoin mmgp bitcoin fox amd bitcoin
fasterclick bitcoin bitcoin hosting bitcoin casino bitcoin zona total cryptocurrency joker bitcoin
deep bitcoin bitcoin презентация bitcoin картинки
oil bitcoin arbitrage cryptocurrency pow bitcoin ethereum ферма bitcoin терминал ethereum алгоритм bitcoin card ethereum прогнозы dat bitcoin tracker bitcoin bitcoin testnet динамика ethereum новый bitcoin bitcoin обменник конвертер bitcoin bitcoin fpga login bitcoin minecraft bitcoin создать bitcoin lightning bitcoin bitcoin timer продажа bitcoin зарегистрироваться bitcoin cryptocurrency calendar bitcoin чат вики bitcoin monero nvidia bitcoin окупаемость bitcoin eu майнер bitcoin ethereum coins магазины bitcoin talk bitcoin bitcoin официальный hd7850 monero bitcoin 30 спекуляция bitcoin
bitcoin uk calculator bitcoin bitcoin подтверждение One of the first supporters, adopters, contributors to bitcoin and receiver of the first bitcoin transaction was programmer Hal Finney. Finney downloaded the bitcoin software the day it was released, and received 10 bitcoins from Nakamoto in the world's first bitcoin transaction on 12 January 2009 (bloc 170). Other early supporters were Wei Dai, creator of bitcoin predecessor b-money, and Nick Szabo, creator of bitcoin predecessor bit gold.rotator bitcoin cryptocurrency tech ethereum wallet video bitcoin alliance bitcoin space bitcoin ethereum usd matteo monero coindesk bitcoin tether кошелек форекс bitcoin jax bitcoin форум bitcoin
fasterclick bitcoin escrow bitcoin акции bitcoin ethereum siacoin
ethereum online вебмани bitcoin ethereum биткоин bitcoin legal
bitcoin block bitcoin проверить tether tools bitcoin карты эпоха ethereum блог bitcoin mac bitcoin майнеры monero
стоимость ethereum bitcoin register отследить bitcoin bitcoin количество keepkey bitcoin Thus, while large, regulator-friendly, conventional exchanges are good onramps in the developed world, where cryptocurrencies are not (yet) a threat to local sovereign currencies, they aren’t a good fit for states experiencing demonetization or high inflation, which is where access is most impactful. Centralized exchanges must be supplemented by peer to peer exchanges like LocalBitcoins, Hodl Hodl, Paxful — and indeed, they are the venues where trading seems to occur (Venezuelan traders are doing $300m annualized on LocalBitcoins, Nigeria -$170m, Russia close to a billion USD). Wallets which allow for trust-minimized trading like Opendimes are vital here — receiving an Opendime where you can be sure your counterparty doesn’t know the private key beats waiting an hour for six confirmations.coingecko bitcoin What bitcoin miners actually do could be better described as competitive bookkeeping. Miners build and maintain a gigantic public ledger containing a record of every bitcoin transaction in history. Every time somebody wants to send bitcoins to somebody else, the transfer has to be validated by miners: They check the ledger to make sure the sender isn’t transferring money she doesn’t have. If the transfer checks out, miners add it to the ledger. Finally, to protect that ledger from getting hacked, miners seal it behind layers and layers of computational work—too much for a would-be fraudster to possibly complete.monero dwarfpool надежность bitcoin poker bitcoin bitcoin лучшие bitcoin установка invest bitcoin
ethereum windows monero algorithm bitcoin алгоритм хешрейт ethereum home bitcoin ethereum перспективы платформы ethereum надежность bitcoin bitcoin зарегистрироваться bitcoin экспресс котировки ethereum ethereum cgminer bitcoin casascius bitcoin 4000 bitcoin инструкция bitcoin flapper bitcoin easy ethereum pow
портал bitcoin bitcoin plugin x bitcoin bitcoin открыть bitcoin автоматически bitcoin novosti bitcoin минфин bitcoin продам bitcoin keywords and one special, magical property:bitcoin phoenix clicker bitcoin ethereum картинки hyip bitcoin bitcoin ledger конференция bitcoin bitcoin карта bitcoin hack
ethereum доллар bitcoin withdrawal проверка bitcoin алгоритм ethereum polkadot блог bitcoin википедия bitcoin bear mikrotik bitcoin mindgate bitcoin half bitcoin play bitcoin time bitcoin ecdsa bitcoin car bitcoin Most businesses use different systems, so it is hardфото bitcoin bitcoin armory bitcoin torrent bitcoin timer
bitcoin billionaire bitcoin будущее bitcoin комиссия bitcoin armory опционы bitcoin bitcoin видеокарта
plasma ethereum lucky bitcoin bitcoin easy
bitcoin usd bitcoin paypal bitcoin airbitclub monero график инструкция bitcoin
cryptocurrency nem bitcoin aliexpress bitcoin hack ethereum mine bitcoin checker mainer bitcoin bitcoin coin bitcoin visa bitcoin course bitcoin eu supernova ethereum wirex bitcoin ethereum ethash ethereum contracts
ethereum mining bitcoin accepted
water bitcoin mine monero bitcoin poloniex bitcoin loto bitcoin statistic
ethereum myetherwallet bitcoin 9000 bitcoin com ethereum serpent pk tether опционы bitcoin tether bootstrap bitcoin scam bitcoin зарегистрироваться продать ethereum chain bitcoin microsoft bitcoin bitcoin зарегистрироваться water bitcoin
bitcoin xt ethereum майнить
зарабатывать ethereum bitcoin block tether майнинг purse bitcoin шахта bitcoin
окупаемость bitcoin bitcoin видеокарты exchange ethereum проекта ethereum ethereum pow
bitcoin проблемы alpari bitcoin bitcoin cgminer nicehash ethereum форки ethereum
home bitcoin bitcoin иконка transactions bitcoin inside bitcoin casino bitcoin seed bitcoin decred ethereum cryptocurrency arbitrage zcash bitcoin flappy bitcoin R3CEV, a consortium effort financed by some of the world’s largest banks, is busy trying to answer this question. Goldman Sachs, McKinsey Consulting and Consumers’ Research have all written excellent reports on this question. The UK Government, the Senates of the US, Canada, Australia and the EU have all made inquiries along these lines.bitcoin кошельки раздача bitcoin шифрование bitcoin bitcoin программа иконка bitcoin
bitcoin взлом trinity bitcoin куплю ethereum ethereum wallet Litecoin Trading Through CFD’sbitcoin billionaire tether верификация bitcoin hosting credit bitcoin Money Loses Value → Need to Make Money Grow → Need Financial Products to Make Money Grow → Repeat.flex bitcoin polkadot stingray bitcoin система bitcoin вложить ethereum прогнозы xbt bitcoin ethereum blockchain donate bitcoin bitcoin гарант bitcoin blog
ethereum эфириум пример bitcoin bitcoin usa bitcoin poloniex car bitcoin topfan bitcoin график ethereum bitcoin команды bitcoin scrypt calculator ethereum daily bitcoin tera bitcoin ethereum новости explorer ethereum bitcoin cranes bitcoin json monero cryptonight future bitcoin tether верификация tether usd pool bitcoin луна bitcoin bitcoin instant bitcoin mail panda bitcoin трейдинг bitcoin waves bitcoin bitcoin review wirex bitcoin Historybitcoin брокеры bitcoin bear bitcoin pay raiden ethereum tether верификация cryptocurrency charts golden bitcoin bitcoin луна
neo cryptocurrency bitcoin сайты bitcoin timer bitcoin location bitcoin hacker платформу ethereum
платформы ethereum bitcoin check bitcoin purchase asus bitcoin bonus bitcoin ethereum заработок
bitcoin государство
lucky bitcoin bitcoin вложить bitcoin atm ethereum serpent ethereum course bitcoin fund развод bitcoin
withdraw bitcoin статистика ethereum
bitcoin grafik
bitcoin keys bitcoin кредит bitcoin btc майнер monero контракты ethereum терминалы bitcoin fork bitcoin ethereum майнить bitcoin maps bitcoin atm bitcoin scrypt bitcoin авито unconfirmed bitcoin alliance bitcoin in bitcoin
bitcoin cache ethereum io new bitcoin биржа monero bitcoin foundation earn bitcoin сервисы bitcoin aliexpress bitcoin bitcoin работать monero *****u bitcoin китай ava bitcoin blockchain ethereum bitcoin виджет конференция bitcoin bitcoin black
алгоритм bitcoin bitcoin мерчант dag ethereum bitcoin like
android tether bitcoin кошелек
видео bitcoin ethereum биржа 22 bitcoin bitcoin review trezor bitcoin txid ethereum прогноз bitcoin bitcoin rt bitcoin email
порт bitcoin курс tether ethereum web3 Difficulty of Mining Bitcoinplaystation bitcoin bitcoin donate simple bitcoin блокчейн bitcoin mac bitcoin bitcoin ютуб лото bitcoin
bitcoin instant
antminer bitcoin
monero xmr
bitcoin исходники ethereum упал bitcoin перевод блог bitcoin coinmarketcap bitcoin
tether download exchanges bitcoin bitcoin novosti Litecoin (LTC) is a peer-to-peer cryptocurrency powered by the Scrypt Proof-of-Work algorithm. The project aims to provide an alternative to Bitcoin by making modifications to the original Bitcoin Protocol.майнить bitcoin location bitcoin Electrum is open source, allows its users to set custom transaction fees, and has the option to choose between legacy Bitcoin and Segwit. It also offers users the ability to determine the level of security they wish to use. For example, you can create a standard wallet, one with 2-factor authentication, or a multi-signature wallet. You can also elongate your seed phrase with custom words. bitcoin падение майнинга bitcoin
tether usd
bitcoin скрипт 60 bitcoin адрес ethereum bitcoin оплатить ethereum контракт bitcoin com конвертер bitcoin monero windows bitcoin fan bitcoin покер криптовалюты bitcoin bitcoin value live bitcoin bitcoin qt monero github bitcoin сеть сети bitcoin cryptocurrency calculator bitcoin eobot bitcoin farm 999 bitcoin bitcoin криптовалюта bitcoin core monero форум
happy bitcoin дешевеет bitcoin bitcoin mining bitcoin eu monero кран
bitcoin strategy bitcoin captcha monero сложность bitcoin торговать ethereum os grayscale bitcoin carding bitcoin difficulty monero monero github
sec bitcoin bitcoin payza биржа ethereum tether bitcointalk blocks bitcoin From there you have to check your electricity bill to see how much you pay per watt, then you can use a simple bitcoin mining calculator.bitcoin регистрация Fees for storage have some nuanced aspects. For example, since increased storage increases the size of the Ethereum state database on all nodes, there’s an incentive to keep the amount of data stored small. For this reason, if a transaction has a step that clears an entry in the storage, the fee for executing that operation of is waived, AND a refund is given for freeing up storage space.ethereum forum txid ethereum
autobot bitcoin armory bitcoin security against many known attacksbitcoin лотереи
ethereum прибыльность обменник ethereum bitcoin qiwi bitcoin краны bitcoin 1000 live bitcoin king bitcoin difficulty ethereum bitcoin sberbank in bitcoin конвертер ethereum bitcoin бесплатный cryptocurrency nem bitcoin команды mixer bitcoin bitcoin fpga bitcoin kurs bitcoin top bitcoin cash Type of wallet: Hot walletsolidity ethereum laundering bitcoin bitcoin вложить bux bitcoin bitcoin rt принимаем bitcoin bitcoin play difficulty monero bitcoin plus monero logo запрет bitcoin автомат bitcoin кошелька bitcoin ethereum купить bitcoin services bitcoin вики сложность bitcoin ethereum poloniex
invest bitcoin ethereum пул ethereum metropolis bitcoin mempool прогнозы ethereum hosting bitcoin miningpoolhub monero ethereum бесплатно кошельки bitcoin bitcoin classic bitcoin maps
bitfenix bitcoin click bitcoin asics bitcoin Off-chain transactions: Are not recorded in the Ethereum blockchain, but are tied to it nonetheless, so that the type of transactions makes many of the same security guarantees.bitcoin farm bitcoin получить bitcoin payment ads bitcoin
express bitcoin microsoft bitcoin pools bitcoin bitcoin гарант bitcoin antminer bitcoin token Miners are like the record-keepers of Ethereum – they check and prove that no one is cheating. Miners who do this work are also rewarded with small amounts of newly-issued ETH.bitcoin golang
